"The sufferance which is the badge of the Jew has made him in these days, the ruler of the rulers of the earth." [Emerson, p. 39] "[Emerson] saw Judaism, the Jewish idea, as a stumbling block to authetic human liberation. The Jewish God was cruel; the Jewish Law stifling. What was bad about Christianity was its Jewish substance. At the less ideological level, his work is also peppered with anti-Jewish sentiments ... In his journal entry for 3 July 1830 he wrote: 'In the Allston Gallery the Polish Jew are an offense to me; they degrade and animalize." [Michael, Robert, 9-7-98]